How do Bennett and Chaucer present women in ‘The Outside Dog’ in ‘Talking Heads 2’?

The primary female characters in these two writings are Alison in ‘The Miller's Tale' and Marjory in ‘The Outside Dog. ‘ However, it might likewise be conceivable to consider the noticeable female characteristics in Absolon, and furthermore Tina, the pooch in the Talking Heads 2' monolog. It can likewise be said that Stuart's casualties are apparently female. Alison, in ‘The Miller's Tale' is to a great extent introduced as the cliché youthful spouse, which follows the class of the story itself. The Miller says, ‘fair was this yonge wyf,' so the peruser quickly considers her to be the appealing and wonderful generalization, which is strengthened by the way that the Miller doesn't give her a name until line 258, adequately externalizing her as a character, giving her no uniqueness. Additionally, the reiteration of this title decreases her own character and causes her to appear to be practically similar to the property of her better half. Alison's two-dimensional picture is promoted by Chaucer's continuous references to shading, for this situation, high contrast. The hues typically depict what she is wearing, for instance, ‘a bamcloth eek as whit as morne milk' and ‘of col-dark silk. ‘ Chaucer sees Alison, and potential ladies when all is said in done, as a difference of highly contrasting; the white of her cover is differentiated to the dark of her hair and eyebrows. White is customarily observed as an unadulterated shading and dark's a dull, strange shading. This shows on a superficial level Alison might be wonderful, however she isn't so unadulterated and faithful to her significant other toward the end on the story. Chaucer might be summing up this to all ladies, recommending they can ‘put on a front' and be something they are most certainly not. Be that as it may, the straightforward, plain nature of the two hues presents her as a two-dimensional character with little profundity. Similarly, the character of Marjory is introduced as being very feeble and faithful towards her significant other. It is evident to Marjory that her better half is blameworthy for the homicides, however she doesn't utter a word to the police, and she conceals his pants, which would have been urgent proof, ‘I sneaked in and got a container pack and brought them inside. Marjory appears to be a significant inactive spouse, and acknowledges what her better half advises her, frequently without addressing him legitimately, ‘He took the van over to Rawdon the previous evening. Said it was Rawdon in any case. ‘ The doubt here is clear, however as she isn't introduced as an especially solid character, this doubt isn't voiced, or followed up on. This may propose commonly that ladies are the more fragile, increasingly inactive sex, and ought to be devoted towards their spouses, similarly that Marjory is. Marjory's fixation on cleaning says a great deal regarding the ‘role of ladies' in the home. She is depicted as the persevering housewife, which is by all accounts her principle and most significant job, ‘the police said not to contact anything other than I wasn't having the spot left annoyed that way so I set to and cleaned down†¦ ‘ This is likewise underlined by the manner in which Stuart thinks about the job of his better half. He says, ‘You're fortunate I do it by any means' when looking at washing his own garments. Like in ‘The Miller's story,' the female character is introduced as the run of the mill spouse, However, Marjory is the cliché faithful wife. The physical portrayal and physiognomy of the character of Alison is broad, and Chaucer is by all accounts caricaturing wonderful representations of the subjects of elegant sweethearts. He utilizes analogies to contrast Alison with the local and ordinary where the cultured writers would have picked extraordinary and important examinations. For instance, she is over and over contrasted with creatures, for example, ‘Winsinge she was, similar to a joly foal. ‘ These portrayals, despite the fact that they here and there express positive characteristics, for example, her vivacity, may likewise depict a negative picture of the ‘yonge wyf. ‘ For instance, it might be surmised here that she is very youthful. Alison's outward appearance is focused on, and as a peruser we don't get familiar with a ton about her character and qualities, recommending that she has minimal more than her looks in support of herself. For instance, ‘as any wezele hir body gent and little. ‘ This depicts Alison as being thin bodied in appearance. Chaucer presents ladies similar to an object of sexuality, and the story might be dominatingly for the diversion of a male crowd. This thinks about to Marjory and Stuart in ‘The Outside Dog' as Marjory is utilized as a sexual ‘object' by her significant other, found in the tome and language utilized, ‘he awakens me and he has another go. The tone here is very cavalier, with no inclination included, yet Marjory likewise appears to be very angry of her better half, as she is dealt with like it is her obligation as a spouse to comply with her significant other. She doesn't allude to Stuart by name, and by over and over utilizing the pronoun ‘he,' she shows him no acknowledgment, increasing her disdain of her significant other, and the far off relationship the two characters have. Chaucer utilizes solid descriptive words while introducing Alison as a guileful darling, she is said to have a ‘likerous ye' depicting her as being provocative and hot. She is additionally portrayed as a ‘wench', which is an extremely uncomplimentary term for a lady. This differences to her appearance and riches. Her eagerness to submit infidelity is found in her experience with Nicholas and from the outset her appearing reluctance to participate in any such conduct with Nicholas, ‘I will nat kisse thee, by my fey! ‘ However, inside five lines of the story, she has ‘changed her brain' and has been convinced by Nicholas. This depicts her as having not many ethics or assurance, and nearly ‘teasing Nicholas. ‘ Overall, the character of Alison isn't one in which a peruser can feel for, as she is to a great extent depicted in a negative light. Be that as it may, I feel that a peruser is bound to identify with the character of Marjory, as Bennett doesn't depict her similar to an especially ‘bad' or accountable character, and we may feel frustrated about her due to the treatment she experiences by her significant other. It additionally works in support of herself that the content is written as a monolog, in this manner the peruser is basically urged to identify with the character, as she portrays occasions from her own perspective. Nonetheless, as with Alison, as a peruser we don't generally concur with her activities, and may feel that she ought to be a greater amount of a functioning, instead of detached character. The character of Absolon is given extremely female characteristics by Chaucer. His depiction is extremely exact and broad in detail, for instance, ‘crul was his heer, and as the gold it shoon. ‘ His portrayal is fairly bizarre for a man, and carefully differentiations to the solid, masculine picture of the Miller. Absolon's character is to a great extent derided and rewarded as a figure of fun because of these delicate characteristics that he has. This again depicts womanliness in a terrible light, reducing the significance and status of ladies in the public eye, especially in the period wherein Chaucer composed the stories. The way that the canine in Bennett's monolog is female may likewise depict ladies in a negative way. Mutts are commonly seen as being faithful towards their ‘masters. ‘ This proposes the ace hireling relationship ought to be reached out to the couple, as Marjory is in rivalry with Tina for her better half's acknowledgment, ‘That pooch's not inside right? ‘ The casualties in this monolog are likewise ladies, which again presents ladies as being ‘helpless casualties' and open to maltreatment from men. Once more, the hidden subject of the inactive idea of ladies is investigated, as Stuart exploits this.

Attitude of Young People of India Towards Luxury Brands Essay Example for Free

Disposition of Young People of India Towards Luxury Brands Essay Presentation: a few ages back, a run of the mill buy choice for the normal Indian would pick between, state, garments and electronic merchandise at whatever point they had a little money to save. Today, the customers’ predicament includes deciding among Prada and Gucci, Merc and Lamborghini. Marie Antoinette would state, â€Å"If they can’t have bread, give them marks! † In a generally brief timeframe range of 20 years, India has moved from asphalt markets to chic shopping centers, from parsimonious disapproved of purchaser to who need everything and from a populace to a great extent obessed with big name tattle to one which longs to pick up information. India is taking wing. It isn't basic since India is set to turn into the quickest developing significant economy on the planet. The blend of a huge youthful working populace, rising pay levels, overpowering customer positive thinking and progressively urbanized way of life is driving utilization development in India. The market capability of world’s second biggest populace has not gone unnoticed. Universal Luxury brands have India on the radar. As created showcase keep on doing combating financial unrest. India offers extravagance brand proprietors unparalleled development openings. The Indian extravagance advertise is anticipated to reach USD 14. 72 billion in 2015(CII and A. T. Kearny, 2011). It might speaks to just 1-2 percent of the worldwide extravagance advertise, yet its market development pace of in excess of 20 percent for every annum, guarantee positive returns for extravagance players. A progression of global brands from Giorgio Armani to Ferrari to Sofitel Hotel have entered the Indian market to guarantee a portion of the extravagance rupee. Numerous others are pausing, watching and getting ready. This isn't just about today’s advertise however a key market of things to come. Issue Definition: * Young shopper mentalities are basic for the advertisers to design their methodology in arriving at the objective purchasers. So in our examination we have centered to portion youthful shoppers as indicated by mentality factors. Destinations: * The point of the examination is to section youthful shoppers dependent on their three significant convictions parameters (certainty, trust, idealism) as we probably am aware convictions is a significant mentalities of purchaser Literature audit: 1. THE ROLE OF CONFIDENCE IN UNDERSTANDING AND PREDICTING BUYERS ATTITUDES AND PURCHASE INTENTIONS * Peter D. Bennett and Gilbert D. Harrell * Journal of Consumer Research * Vol. 2, No. 2 (Sep. , 1975), pp. 110-117 * Published by: The University of Chicago Press * Article Stable URL: http://www. jstor. organization/stable/2488752 This examination analyzes the job of purchasers trust in the arrangement of mentalities and buy goal. It underpins current purchaser conduct hypothesis which hypothesizes a positive connection between in general trust in a brand and aim to buy the brand. It likewise analyze purchasers trust in their own capacity to pass judgment on traits of brands. 2. Requirement FOR UNIQUENESS AND CONSUMPTION Behavior FOR LUXURY BRANDS AMONGST INDIAN YOUTH * Authors: Meenakshi Handa, Arpita Khare * JournalInternational Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management * Publisher : Inderscience Publishers * ISSN:1753-0806 (Print),1753-0814 (Online) * IssueVolume 3, Number 5/2010 * Pages489-502 The reason for this examination was to look at the Indian adolescents requirement for uniqueness (NFU) and their mentalities towards extravagance brand as a declaration of singularity. An essential research was directed among Indian University understudies to determine their NFU and view of extravagance brands. It was evident that while the NFU isn't exceptionally high among the Indian youth, extravagance brands do represent status and singularity to them and serve a worth expressive capacity. As the Indian social framework is seeing a progress from customary family determined qualities to a greater amount of western and individual-driven qualities, NFU and articulation of self-personality among Indian youth may likewise turn out to be increasingly stamped. While promoting worldwide extravagance marks in India, publicizing might be engaged towards passing on another personality to the customers yet keeping up an offset with customary standards and worth frameworks. 3. LUXURY’S NEW DESTINATION †CHANGING PARADIGMS OF THE INDIAN CONSUMERS †AN EMPIRICAL STUDY * DR. BUSHAN D. SUDHAKAR*; ARUN KUMAR. PARISE * International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies * Vol. 2 Issue 1, January 2012, ISSN 2249 8834 * Online accessible at http://zenithresearch. organization. in/In this examination the analyst explore, Indian customer movement towards Luxury brands structure esteem center level brands. The discoveries recommend that there is critical distinction with the sexual orientation contrast, societal position, value, quality to buy an extravagance decent. There is a higher relationship between the yearly family unit salary and Purchase of extravagance products It obviously says that moderateness, quality, accessibility, big name, vanity, picture and societal position are the key drivers to the relocation of shoppers to Luxury brands from esteem center level marked merchandise. It affirms the view that brand discernment and buy esteem is, aside from socially situated thought processes of purchasing to intrigue others likewise influenced by money related, practical, and singular angles. Doubtlessly the measurements introduced in this paper are suitable factors for dividing the market for marked things. 4. Perspectives TOWARDS THE CONCEPT OF LUXURY: AN EXPLORATORY ANALYSIS * Bernard Dubois, Groupe H. E. C Gilles Laurent, Groupe H. E. C. * Asia Pacific Advances in Consumer Research Volume 1, 1994 * Pages 273-278 In this paper is the creator did an exploratory examination of the recognitions and mentalities joined to the word (and hidden idea of) extravagance. It is trusted that the outcomes introduced underneath will invigorate further research in the zone and in the long run add to the advancement of a hypothesis of extravagance securing and utilization conduct. Research Gap: The writing accessible on themes, for example, Need for uniqueness and utilization conduct for extravagance brands among Indian youth, luxury’s new goal †changing standards of the Indian purchasers †an exact examination, There is no investigation on demeanor (conviction like certainty, trust and good faith) of Young individuals of India towards Luxury brands, which will help in advertisers to design their procedure in arriving at these new and promising objective buyers. It is fundamental for the advertiser to see how customers think and worth an item. There has been a huge increment in the extravagance market and endeavors are being made to pull in the young through various promoting techniques. This exploration will distinguish the distinctive conviction parameter which is a significant disposition of youngsters of India which impact them towards extravagance marks and give data to better comprehension of youthful client. Research Design:. Test Design: Sample size: is hundred (100). Test procedures: it is critical examining these examples/respondents will be chosen from both NIFT understudies and youthful working professional’s for example youthful people’s working in organizations like TCS, Infosys and Wipro. Observational Design: This exploration dependent on essential optional information. The essential information are gathered through organized survey. Essential information for the most part implies those crude information which are dealt with first handedly and haven’t any past important understanding. Auxiliary information gathered from various diaries, book and web on subject of people’s perspectives and extravagance brands. Factual structure: we are going to portion youthful customers dependent on their three significant convictions parameters (certainty, trust, positive thinking) as we probably am aware buyer conviction is a significant factor of shopper mentality. Our proposed division instrument is Cluster investigation. We will utilize Hierarchical bunch with between bunches linkage as the grouping technique dependent on squared Euclidian separation. Wards Hierarchical Clustering Method: Ward considered progressive bunching strategies basedon limiting the loss of data from joining two gatherings. This strategy is typically executed with loss of data taken to be an expansion in a blunder total of squares basis. ESS. To start with, for a given group k, let ESSk be the entirety of the squared deviations of very thing in the bunch from the bunch mean (centroid). In the event that there are at present K bunches, characterize ESS as the aggregate of the ESSk or ESS = ESS1 + ESS2 + ESS K At each progression in the investigation, the association of each conceivable pair of groups is thought of, and the two bunches whose mix brings about the littlest increment in ESS (least loss of data) are joined. At first, each group comprises of a solitary thing, and, if there are N things, ESSk = 0, k = 1,2, , N, so ESS = O. At the other extraordinary, when all the bunches are consolidated in a solitary gathering of N things, the estimation of ESS is given by N ESS =j=1nxj-x(xj-x) where Xj is the multivariate estimation related with the jth thing and I is the mean of the considerable number of things. The aftereffects of Wards technique can be shown as a dendrogram. The vertical hub gives the estimations of ESS at which the mergers happen. Wards strategy depends on the thought that the bunches of multivariate perceptions are required to be generally circularly formed. It is a various leveled forerunner to nonhierarchical bunching techniques that enhance some model for partitioning information into a given number of curved gatherings. We talk about nonhierarchical grouping techniques in the following segment Proposed Questionnaire: 1=strongly concur 2=agree 3=neither concur or differ 4=disagree 5=completely differ Please tick which alternative you feel most†¦ Statement no 1: 3. 3. 2. 2. 5. 5. 4. 4. 1. 1. â€Å"I purchase extravagance items since great nature of product† Statement no 2: 3. 3. 2. 2. 5. 5. 4. 4. 1. 1. â€Å"Luxury implies some additional things which is including more an incentive than the customary brands

AI in Education

AI in Education Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!AI in EducationUpdated On 19/02/2020Author : HBB Guest AuthorTopic : TechnologyShort URL : https://hbb.me/2r2sCzY CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogArtificialIntelligence is making an impactinalmost everyindustry imaginable; theeducationindustry is no different. Anindustry that has followed a consistent method since centuries has recently seen some evolutioninterms of use of technology to makeeducationavailable to masses using online resources and other gadgets. However, there is still a lot that needs to be addressed to makeeducationmore accessible and digestible for everyone. Here is whereAIcan make an impact.AIis poised to transform modern societyinprofound ways. By leveraging the best attributes of machines and teachers, the adoption ofAIineducationwill bring great outcome for students.The state ofAIinEducationAIis already being usedineducationfor a wide range of t asks thatinclude, but are not limited to, creation of personalized content, automatic grading and feedback, and designing of courses that are comprehensible. Majorindustry players like Elemental Path and Volley Labs have alreadyinfused the power ofAIinto their teaching programs. There are several companies, such asContent TechnologiesandCarnegie Learning, currently developingintelligentinstruction design and digital platforms that useAIto provide learning, testing and feedback to students that gives them the challenges they are ready for, identifies gapsinknowledge, and redirects to new topics when appropriate.Other examplesinclude Cram101 which usesAIto make textbook contents more lucid and easier to navigate with summaries of the chapters, flashcards, and practical tests. It’s also being used toaid studentsinperforming their tasks. For example,IBM’s WatsonAnalytics is able to answer natural language questions aboutinfoincludedinitsdatabase, while Googles G Suite forEducationap p usesnatural language processingto write complex formulas at the request of students and teachers. Moreover, it alsoincludes tools that assistinmaking content more reachable. Tools such asPresentation Translator, a free plug-infor PowerPoint, creates subtitlesinreal time for what the teacher is saying.Trends of AI in EducationAmongst the numerous rolesAI’s playinginshapingeducation, the top trend I find is automation of administrative tasks. Checking homework, grading papers, looking through illness records and absence sheets, and preparing report cards are just some examples of the tasks where educators spend most of their time â€" tasks that anAIcan perform with almost no errorsinjust a few minutes. Educators spend a lot of their valuable time on these tedious tasks. Firms are now offering AI in education solutions that can automate these and many other admin tasks. This leaves teachers with more time to plan lessons and conduct one-on-oneinteractions with students. Moreover, p rofessors will have more time with their students rather than spending long hours grading them.AIis alsoinstitutions to minimize the time required to complete difficult tasks such processing of paperwork.InChina, semi-sentient robots are already being used to automate the grading process, reducing the workload for teachers. Their smart artificial minds can understand the general logic and meaning of an essay andgenerate an almost human-like judgmentabout its quality. At least 60,000 schools have already implemented them with reportedly great outcomes. WhileAImay not ever be able to truly replace human grading, it’s getting close.Challenges ofAIAdoptioninEducationA lot of effort is being putintoinfusingAIwitheducationand to make thisinfusion resourceful for bothinstructors and students, however, like other new technologies, its adoption won’t be simple. One of the biggest challenges to adoptAIis preparing teachers forAI-powerededucationand preparingAIto understandeducation. Teach ing and learning requirements may be substantially re-ordered and the dynamics of learning versus teachinginanAI-based system ofeducationwill be very different. This will surge requirements for modified teaching degrees and certificatesinthis new environment. Given the eventual widespread use ofAIinthe classroom, teacher training is therefore a critical aspect. To be able to useAI-enabled technologies effectively, teachers will also need assimilate new competencies, clear understanding of howAI-enabled systems can facilitate learning and possess research and data analytical skills, so that they caninterpret data provided byAI-enabled systems. Teachers can gain these skills at a data science bootcamp or other available courses. Furthermore, forAIto understandeducationsystems requires real-time data processingin theform of real-time feedback, quickerinterventions, andindividualizedinstruction by teachers. These are the challenges that will be faced early on and need to be tackled.READ Turkey Banned Video Sharing Website Vimeo?Benefits of AI in EducationForeducational content to be accessible and clear for students, learning content must be customized for each student. Students come from different backgrounds and possess different set of skills and abilities. A single type of unified content won’t be effective. Withthe introduction ofAI, teachers can perform much better by offering personalized recommendations to each pupil.AIcustomizesin-class assignments as well as final exams, ensuring that students get the best possible assistance. ThroughAI-powered apps, students get targeted and customized responses from their teachers. Over the course of a student’seducational career, they output an enormous amount of datainthe form of papers, exams, and classroom participation that rarely carries over to the next term. With these new tools, however, student data can be stored an analyzed over time to see what material they engage with more successfully and whateducatio nal deficits they may have hiddenintheir past work that might beinhibiting their future potential.AIhas also helped digitizetextbooks and create customizable smart content for students of all age ranges, helping them with memorizing and learning. One example isD2L, the maker of BrightspaceInsights, a suite of analytical tools for educators. Brightspace captures, aggregates, and analyzes data streamed from several different sources,including learning apps, online resources, publishers, and other learning management systems to build a complete model ofindividual student learning behavior. Over time, this can teach the teacher exactly what a student needs to succeed.The future ofAIineducationThe student of the future will be getting an  AI-based  educational experience where they will be exposed to an immersive, digital  education  heretofore unimaginable.  AI  will change where students learn, who teaches them, and how they acquire basic skills. It has the potential to radically chang e just about everything.  Educational programs powered by  AI  are already helping students to learn basic skills, but as these programs grow and as developers learn more, they will likely offer students a much wider range of services. On the other hand, as  AI  gets more sophisticated, it might offer services that were never thought of before, such as reading a students expression that  indicates they are struggling to grasp a subject and modifying the lesson to respond to that. While there are things that human tutors can offer that machines can’t, the future could see more students being tutored by digital tutors. Some of these programs  already exist and teach students fundamental content, but aren’t ideal for helping students learn complex concepts, something that real-world teachers can do. Yet that shouldn’t rule out the possibility of  AI  tutors being able to do these things  in  the future. With the speedy pace of technological progression, advanced tutoring systems may not be a dream.Rahim Rasool  is an Associate Data Scientist at Data Science Dojo (DSD) where he helps create learning material for DSD’s  data science bootcamp. He holds a bachelor’s in electrical engineering. He possesses great interest in machine learning, astronomy and history.

The Gangs in los Angeles California - 2967 Words

Executive Summary Security has always been of major concern in many institutions across the world. This is perhaps because the success of many activities is highly dependent on the security that they associate themselves with. This report focuses on the gangs in Los Angeles, California. This task in this region has been mandated upon the Los Angeles Police Department, popularly referred to as the LAPD. The major stakeholders are the competent and highly qualified staff members within the department who have the necessary capacity to deal with the violent criminal gangs. The main problem that is targeted is the eradication of the criminal gangs within the region. This is through the elimination of illegal firearms, elimination of drive-by shootings and enactment of anti-graffiti laws which promote the gang activities. The graffiti have been shown by recent research to portray the gang territories. Societal Problems Of great concern is the revelation that up to 37% of households possess firearms, whether licensed or not. The California Street Terrorism Enforcement and Prevention (STEP) Act is aimed at eliminating criminal gang conduct by focusing upon patterns of criminal gang activity and the organized nature of street gangs. The Penal Code provides that: 1. Participation in a criminal street gang with knowledge that its members engage in criminal activity is punishable as either a misdemeanor or felony. 2. Conviction for a crime or public offense which was committedShow MoreRelatedThe Crips Street Gang Essay552 Words   |  3 PagesThe Crips Street Gang How has the Crips Street Gang evolved since the 1960’s? Gone are the days when battles were over community control, when loyalty meant self- determination, not self destruction. In the 1980’s crack cocaine became a major source of income for many African – American gang members in Los Angeles. 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Self Assessment Of Leadership Behavior - 884 Words

As I reflect back on my Air Force career, especially my current duty position as the Section Chief of the Small Air Terminal at Hill Air Force Base. I realized that I am a Management by Exception-Active (MBE-A) this came to me after I reviewed my Electronic Self-Assessment of Leadership behavior. At my current assignment I keep my subordinates and processes in control and I enforce all the Air Force standards as well as local policies in my organization. When it comes to the mission I avoid unnecessary risks and always ensure the mission is complete. My goal for the next three to five years is to improve my leadership effectiveness and become a transformational leader using the five most valuable concepts I learned in Course 15. These concepts are avoiding conflict, cognitive flexibility, communication, subordinate-centered communication and mediation. The first step to achieving my goal of becoming a transformational leader is for me to be a more assertive and active leader in my unit. In order to reach that, I need to stop my avoidance of conflict. This is going to take me voicing my opinion as well as challenging any decisions made from my supervisor that could potentially impact my section negatively and I will also encourage my subordinates to do the same. This is going to allow me to analyze all the current processes and streamline them as I see fit, without being afraid of getting into conflicts with my leadership and peers. This will help me with myShow MoreRelatedLeadership Self Assessment : Current And Aspired Leadership Behavior2726 Words   |  11 Pages Leadership Self-Assessment Current and Aspired Leadership Behavior I am a very goal oriented person and will help people to achieve my goal or theirs if I can. Everything I do is because of a goal that was set either by myself or by a situation. 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Informative Speech Presentation Of Self - 1698 Words

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Cigarette smoking is the greatest preventable caus Essay Example For Students

Cigarette smoking is the greatest preventable caus Essay pope of disease and premature death in the United States. Secondhand smoke causes numerous lung cancer deaths annually. Measures have been taken in both workplaces and public places to limit exposure to secondhand smoke. The economic cost of smokers to society is phenomenal. It includes monetary costs, lost workdays and shortened work lives. Many states are establishing and maintaining comprehensive tobacco-control programs to reduce tobacco use. They provide education to our youth to prevent them from ever starting and smoking cessation programs for individuals that currently wish to stop smoking. Education and support are known ways to eventually prevent smoking in the future. Efforts to increase the public perception of the harmful effects of tobacco must utilize a comprehensive approach that affects policy development, education strategies and health care systems. Smoking is becoming more and more unfashionable as time goes on. There are many studies conducted showing that secondhand smoke is a health hazard to both the smoker and anyone that relies on the same air supply, not to mention the unpleasantness and discomfort it causes those that do not smoke. The Environmental Protection Agency reports that it is estimated that secondhand smoke that emerges from exhaling and burning cigarettes causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths and 37,000 heart disease deaths in nonsmokers each year. (Nolo, 2002). According to a 1998 Gallop poll, 94% of Americans, including both smokers and nonsmokers, agree that companies should either ban or restrict smoking to properly ventilated areas. Another Gallop poll indicates that 95% of nonsmokers, and 69% of smokers, think Californias ban on smoking in almost all workplaces is positive. Some companies are now refusing to hire anyone who admits to smoking on a job application because of higher healthcare insurance, absenteeism, unemployment insurance and workers compensation insurance associated with these individuals. (Nolo, 2002). Those that do not smoke feel it is an infringement of what they consider to be a reasonable right not to have to breath other peoples cigarette smoke while at work. During the 1970s the dangers of secondhand smoke were beginning to amass and a movement for nonsmokers emerged. When it was proven that secondhand smoke was harmful to nonsmokers who inhale it passively, (Koop, C. Everett et al. 1996), the public became less tolerant of smoking in the workplace as well as public places. Exposure to tobacco smoke remains a health hazard that is completely preventable. Many state and local laws for clean indoor air reduce but do not eliminate nonsmokers exposure to secondhand smoke and smoking bans appear to be the most effective method of reducing exposure to secondhand smoke.Although there are no federal laws that directly control smoking in the workplace, (Nolo, 2002) many city and county ordinances ban smoking in the workplace. On the other hand, half of the states make it illegal to discriminate against those who smoke during non-working hours. However, many states protect employees from unwanted smoke on the job. Workplaces nationwide have gone smoke free to provide clean indoor air to protect employees. Tobacco smoke contains thousands of different chemicals (ASH, 2001) know to be carcinogens (cancer causing substances) that are released into the air as particles or gases. To date, workers have been awarded unemployment, disability and workers compensation benefits for illness and loss of work due to exposure to secondhand smoke. Twenty states and the District of Columbia limit smoking in private worksites and forty-one states and the District of Columbia have laws restricting smoking in state government buildings. In 1997, President Clinton signed an executive order requiring federal buildings to become smoke-free. Simply separating smokers and nonsmokers within the same airspace reduces, but does not eliminate, exposure of nonsmokers to secondhand smoke. California banned smoking in public places in 1998 and recently both the Delaware State Senate and House of Representatives passed Senate Bill 99, making Delaware one of very few states in the nation to enact a comprehensive and landmark smoking ban that includes restaurants and bars. Governor Ruth Ann Minner signed the bill into law on May 31, 2002 and the bill will become effective on November 27, 2002. .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 , .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .postImageUrl , .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 , .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:hover , .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:visited , .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:active { border:0!important; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:active , .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3 .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf6b7dc23fc3b4be3c6d5e923f91f8a3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Human Evolution Essay (State of Delaware, 2002). When a bill of this nature becomes effective, it should eliminate the need of local governments to enact workplace-smoking restrictions within their jurisdictions. Many smokers agree that the restrictions on smoking are reasonable and even helpful as smokers try to quit or cut down on their smoking. Some have questioned if common courtesy would resolve the smoking problem and, if that were the case, we would not need any laws at all. However, people can be discourteous and inconsiderate and nonsmokers should not have to ask total strangers to stop smoking for exposure to a healthy environment. Once the Government passes such a law, a considerable amount of money and time is spent developing the regulations and determining the penalties, fines and actions against repeat offenders. It needs to be determined who will decide the amount of the fines, what the cost of the fines will actually be and who will be responsible for enforcing the law. There are many ways to educate individuals who currently smoke with regard to prevention and support. As a result of the health and economic consequences of cigarette smoking, states are establishing and maintaining comprehensive tobacco-control programs to reduce tobacco use among youth. There are seven recommendations for school health programs to prevent tobacco use and addiction. They include developing and enforcing a school policy on tobacco use, providing instruction regarding the short and long-term negative effects and social consequences of tobacco use, tobacco use prevention education in kindergarten through 12th grade, in which should be most intensive between junior high or middle school and then reinforced in the high school years, provide education to the teachers, involve parents and families in support of school-based tobacco prevention programs, support cessation efforts for students and teachers who use tobacco and assess the tobacco use prevention program regularly. Most of the United States public strongly agrees with policies that help prevent youth from starti ng in the first place. (MMWR. 1994). Cigarette smoking as well as smokeless tobacco use are always almost started and established during adolescence. The tobacco industry spends approximately $4 billion per year to promote and advertise cigarettes. Current research shows that universal tobacco promotion creates the perception that more people smoke than actually do, and it attempts to project that smoking is cool. Cigarettes smoking among our youth have not declined over the past decade and 28 percent of the nations high school seniors currently smoke cigarettes. Preventing cigarette smoking among our youth is the means in which to end the epidemic of tobacco use in the United States. Lee, P. (1994). According to the Centers for Disease Control (MMWR, 1994) 83% of current smokers wish they did not smoke and nearly one-third of all smokers quit for at least one day each year. 93% of smokers who try to quit start smoking again within one year. There are many medications to help those that want to quit smoking. They include oral medications, nicotine gum, a nicotine inhaler, nicotine nasal spray or a nicotine patch. Most can benefit from using a medication and all of these medications can as much as double ones chances of quitting and quitting for good. There are three treatment categories for smokers that clinicians should consider when determining a strategy. First, those who smoke cigarettes and are willing to quit should be treated using the 5 As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, and Arrange). Secondly, those that smoke cigarettes but are unwilling to quit should be treated with the 5 Rs motivational intervention (Relevance, Risks, Rewards, Roadblocks, and Repetition). Thirdly, those who have recently quit using tobacco should be provided relapse prevention treatment. Studies have shown that the five keys for quitting include getting ready, getting support, learning new skills and behaviors, getting medication and using it properly and be prepared for relapse or difficult situations. (U. .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78 , .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78 .postImageUrl , .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78 , .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78:hover , .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78:visited , .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78:active { border:0!important; } .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78:active , .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78 .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uac4dbad0e795bd9ae7067d1ca1018b78:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Diary Of Anne Frank EssayS. Public Health Service, 2000). The costs to both society and individuals that smoke are phenomenal. Approximately 60% of the direct health cares costs in the United States are used to treat tobacco